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Hemoglobin C disease
Definition
Hemoglobin C disease is a blood disorder passed down through families. It leads to a type of anemia, which occurs when red blood cells break down earlier than normal.
Alternative Names
Clinical hemoglobin C
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Hemoglobin C is an abnormal type of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. It is a type of hemoglobinopathy. The disease is caused by problem with a gene called beta globin.
The disease most often occurs in African Americans. You are more likely to have hemoglobin C disease if someone in your family has had it.
Symptoms
Most people do not have symptoms. Occasionally, jaundice may occur. Some persons with this disease may develop gallstones that require treatment.
Signs and tests
Physical examination may show an enlarged spleen.
Tests that may be done include:
- Complete blood count
- Hemoglobin electrophoresis
- Peripheral blood smear
- Blood hemoglobin
Treatment
Usually no treatment is needed. Folic acid supplementation may help your body produce normal red blood cells and improve the symptoms of the anemia.
Expectations (prognosis)
People with hemoglobin C disease can expect to lead a normal life.
Complications
Complications include anemia, gall bladder disease, and enlargement of the spleen.
Calling your health care provider
Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of hemoglobin C disease.
Prevention
Genetic counseling may be appropriate for high-risk couples who wish to have a baby.
References
Steinberg MH. Sickle cell disease and associated hemoglobinopathies. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 167.
Reviewed By: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
