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Laryngitis
Definition
Laryngitis is swelling and irritation (inflammation) of the voice box (larynx) that is usually associated with hoarseness or loss of voice.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
The voice box (larynx) is located at the top of the airway to the lungs (trachea). The larynx contains the vocal cords. When the vocal cords become inflamed or infected, they swell. This can cause hoarseness, and may sometimes block the airway.
The most common form of laryngitis is an infection caused by a virus. It may also be caused by:
- Allergies
- Bacterial infection
- Bronchitis
- Common cold
- Flu
- Injury
- Irritants and chemicals
- Pneumonia
Laryngitis often occurs with an upper respiratory infection.
Several forms of laryngitis occur in children that can lead to dangerous or fatal respiratory blockage. These forms include:
Symptoms
- Fever
- Hoarseness
- Swollen lymph nodes or glands in the neck
Signs and tests
A physical examination can determine whether hoarseness is caused by a respiratory tract infection.
Patients with lasting hoarseness (especially smokers) will need to see an ear, nose, and throat doctor (otolaryngologist) for tests of the throat and upper airway.
Treatment
Because most common laryngitis is caused by a virus, antibiotics may not help. Your health care provider will make this decision.
Resting your voice helps by reducing inflammation of the vocal cords. A humidifier may soothe the scratchy feeling that comes with laryngitis. Decongestants and painkillers may relieve the symptoms of an upper respiratory infection, if you have one.
Expectations (prognosis)
Laryngitis that is not caused by a serious condition should get better.
Complications
Rarely, severe respiratory distress may develop. This will require medical attention.
Calling your health care provider
Call your health care provider if:
- A small child who is not teething has difficulty breathing, swallowing, or is drooling
- A child less than 3 months old has hoarseness
- Hoarseness has lasted for more than 1 week in a child, or 2 weeks in an adult
Prevention
- Try to avoid people who have upper respiratory infections during cold and flu season.
- Wash your hands regularly.
- Avoid crowded places.
Stopping smoking may help prevent tumors of the head and neck or lungs, which may lead to hoarseness.
References
Cummings CW, Flint PW, Haughey BH, et al. Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 4th ed. St Louis, Mo; Mosby; 2005.
Rakel P, ed. Conn’s Current Therapy 2007. 59th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 2007.
Reviewed By: Alan Lipkin, MD, Otolaryngologist, Private Practice, Denver, Colorado. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
