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Gastric suction
Definition
Gastric suction is a procedure that empties the contents of the stomach. It may be done for tests, or to remove materials such as poisons.
Alternative Names
Gastric lavage; Stomach pumping; Nasogastric tube suction
How the test is performed
A tube is inserted through the nose or mouth, down the food pipe (esophagus), and into the stomach. Sometimes you may get a numbing medicine to reduce irritation and gagging as the tube is being inserted.
Stomach contents can be removed using suction right away, or after spraying water through the tube.
How to prepare for the test
In an emergency, such as when a patient has swallowed poison or is vomiting blood, no preparation is needed for gastric suction. When it is done for testing, your doctor may ask you not to eat overnight, or to stop taking certain medications.
How the test will feel
You may feel a gagging sensation as the tube is passed.
Why the test is performed
This test may be performed for several different reasons, including:
- Removing poisons, toxic materials, or overdosed medications from the stomach
- Cleaning the stomach before an upper endoscopy (EGD) in someone who has been vomiting blood
- Collecting stomach acid for tests
- Relieving pressure in someone with a blockage in the intestines
What the risks are
There is a very small risk of the tube being accidentally placed into the airway instead of the esophagus.
Other small risks include the following:
- Aspiration of gastric contents
- Perforation of the esophagus
- Minor bleeding
References
Greene S, Harris C, Singer J. Gastrointestinal decontamination of the poisoned patient. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2008;24:176-178.
Reviewed By: John E. Duldner, Jr., MD, MS, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Director of Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Akron General Medical Center and Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
