Isaac Yang, MD

• NRSA Post Doctoral Brain Tumor Fellowship, UCSF Brain Tumor Research Center, 2008-2009

Dr. Isaac Yang is a neurosurgeon specializing in the surgical treatment and clinical outcomes of adult brain and spinal cord tumors at UCLA with an emphasis on acoustic neuromas, skull base tumors, and state of the art, intra-operative brain motor and neurophysiologic mapping to safely maximize tumor resection.

Dr. Yang is experienced in neuro-oncology surgical treatment for patients with very complex brain tumors, skull base tumors, acoustic neuromas, meningiomas, astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, anaplastic astrocytomas, and glioblastomas. Dr. Yang has received a number of national awards and grants to honor his research work in brain tumors and excellence in treating and caring for patients. As a principal investigator at the UCLA Brain Tumor Program, his extensive research interests include optimizing brain tumor clinical outcomes, novel nanoparticles against brain tumors, and experimental glioblastoma therapies like brain tumor vaccines. Dr. Yang is collaborating with the UCLA NanoSystems Institute to utilize novel nanoparticles in cutting edge use of nanoparticles for potential brain tumor treatments and immunotherapy. In addition to his basic science research, Dr. Yang conducts research efforts into brain tumor outcomes of patients with brain tumors seeking to maximize safe and effective treatments for patients with brain tumors.

As the oldest son of South Korean immigrants, Isaac Yang was born in Chicago, Illinois and grew up in Lodi, California in the central valley. Dr. Yang received his undergraduate degree from UC Berkeley with a double major in Molecular and Cell Biology emphasis in Neurobiology and Social Welfare emphasis in Sociology with highest honors and Phi Beta Kappa.

Dr. Yang earned his medical degree from the UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine with AOA honors and publishing his early brain tumor research earning the UCLA Lasky Memorial Research Award. He matriculated to his residency at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) where he graduated with Naffziger Resident of the Year honors. While at UCSF, Dr. Yang also completed a postdoctoral fellowship in brain tumor molecular biology and immunotherapy in the UCSF Brain Tumor Research Center. Dr. Yang is dedicated to improving the care and treatment of all patients with brain tumors.

• American Brain Tumor Association Young Investigator Award 2012
• STOP CANCER Jason Dessel Memorial Seed Grant 2012
• UCLA Neurosurgery Batzdorf Silver Teaching Award 2011
• UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center 2011
• UCLA Scholars in Translational Medicine Program Award 2011
• American Association Neurological Surgeons Ronald Bittner Award for Best Brain Tumor Research Abstract Paper 2011
• Stein Oppenheimer UCLA Endowment Award 2011
• American Medical Student Association Excellence in Mentorship Award 2011
• UCLA Golden Key Honor Society Honorary Inductee along with Chancellor Gene Block 2011
• Western Neurosurgical Society Basic Science Research Award 2010
• UCSF Department of Neurological Surgery 2010 Howard Nafzigger Resident of the Year Award
• San Francisco State University Cellular Neuroscience 2010 Spring 2010 Teaching Award
• UCSF Department of Neurological Surgery 2010 Susan Eastwood Memorial Award
• American Medical Student Association 2010 Golden Apple Award
• University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Medical Center 2010 2010 Exceptional Physician Award
• University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine 2010 Clinical & Translational Science Resident Research Award
• American Association Neurological Surgeons 2010 Integra Foundation Brain Tumor Research Award
• San Francisco Neurological Society 2010 Edwin F. Boldrey Award for Basic Science Research
• American Medical Student Association 2009 Golden Scalpel Award
• American College of Surgeons 2009 National Resident Teaching Finalist
• University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine 2009 Outstanding Teaching Award
• American Academy of Neurological and Orthopedic Surgeons 2009 Resident Research Award
• University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Dept of Surgery 2009 Englebert Dunphy Resident Research Selection
• San Francisco Neurological Society 2009 Kaiser Award for Clinical Research
• Neurosurgery Clinics of North America 2009 Guest Editor
• American Association Neurological Surgeons 2009 Leksell Radiosurgery Award
• University of California San Francisco Brain Tumor Research Center 2009 Clinical and Translational Scientist Training Research Award
• NIH Research Training Grant (NINDS) F32 CA132489-01A1 2008 Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA)
• Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) 2007 Dandy Clinical Research Fellowship Award
• American Medical Student Association 2005 Distinguished Mentor Award
• UCLA School of Medicine Dean’s Scholar Outstanding Thesis Award 2004
• Lasky Memorial Research Award of the UCLA School of Medicine 2004
• Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) Medical Honor Society 2003
• American Medical Student Association (AMSA) Golden Apple Award 2001,2003
• Letters of Distinction at UCLA School of Medicine 2001-2002
• UC Berkeley Social Welfare Scholastic Award 2000
• UC Berkeley Academic Senate Outstanding Graduate Instructor 1999
• Phi Beta Kappa (Alpha of California Chapter) 1999
• UC Berkeley McLaughlin-Willits Scholarship 1998-1999
• UC Berkeley Chemistry Dept. Outstanding GSI Teaching Award 1997,1998
• UC Berkeley Michael J. Koll Scholarship 1997-1999

RESEARCH AWARDS AND GRANTS

• Grant: NCI F32CA132489-01A1 Title: PI(3)K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation and immunoresistance Principle Investigator: Yang I Sponsor: Parsa AT Total Project Period: 7/2008-6/2009 Amount of annual direct support : $45,000.00 Specific Aims: To evaluate PI3K mediated immunoresistance in glioma
• Grant: UCSF Clinical and Translational Scientist Training Award Title: Treatment for vestibular schwannomas Principle Investigator: Yang I Sponsor: Parsa AT Total Project Period: 11/2008-12/2009 Amount of annual direct support : $2,000.00 Specific Aims: To evaluate surgical and radiosurgical treatment of vestibular schwannomas
• Grant: Congress of Neurological Surgeons Dandy Clinical Research Award Title: Immunologic markers in patients with glioblastoma Principle Investigator: Yang I Sponsor: Parsa AT Total Project Period: 07/2007-06/2008 Amount of annual direct support : $25,000.00 Specific Aims: To evaluate and analyze immunologic markers and T cell infiltrates in patients with glioma

Link to my PubMed publications.

1. Berg J, Chandrasoma S, Yang I, Lynch JB, Walling A. Learning about bioterrorism and chemical warfare - Medical students explore key threats. Western Journal of Medicine, 2002. 176 (1): p. 58-59.
2. Liau LM and Yang I. Microarrays and the genetic analysis of brain tumors. Current Genomics, 2002. 3 (1): p. 33-41
3. Thakur A, Yang I, Lee MY, Goel A, Ashok A, and Fonkalsrud EW. Increasing social capital via local networks: Analysis in the context of a surgical practice. American Surgeon, 2002. 68 (9): p. 776-9. PMID: 12356148
4. Thakur A, Yang I, Lin A, Buchmiller-Crair T, Fonkalsrud EW. Management of ovarian cysts in women undergoing restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. American Surgeon, 2003. 69 (4): p. 339-42. PMID: 12716094
5. Yang I, Kremen TJ, Giovannone A, Paik E, Odesa SK, Prins RM, and Liau LM. Modulation of major histocompatibility class I molecules and MHC-bound immunogenic peptides by interferon-a and interferon-? treatment of human glioblastomas. Journal of Neurosurgery, 2004. 100: p. 310-319. PMID: 15086239
6. Bergsneider M, Yang I, Hu X, McArthur DL, Cook SW, and Boscardin WJ. Relationship between valve opening pressure, body position, and intracranial pressure in normal pressure hydrocephalus: Paradigm for selection of programmable valve pressure setting. Neurosurgery, 2004. 55 (4): p. 851-859. PMID: 15458593
7. Boudreau C, Yang I, and Liau LM. Gliomas: Advances in molecular analysis and characterization. Surgical Neurology, 2005. 64 (4): p. 286-294. PMID: 16229087
8. Yang I, Barbaro NM. Advances in the radiosurgical treatment of epilepsy. Epilepsy Currents, 2007. 7 (2): p. 31-35. PMID: 17505557
9. DeIpolyi AR, Yang I, Buckley A, Larson DA, Smith V, Barbaro NM, Cheung SW, Parsa AT. Fluctuating response of a cystic vestibular schwannoma to radiosurgery. Neurosurgery, 2008. 62(5):p. 1164-5. PMID: 18580785
10. Yang I, Lawton MT. Clipping of complex aneurysms with fenestration tubes: application and assessment of three types of clip techniques. Neurosurgery, 2008. 62 ONS (2): p. 371-9. PMID: 18596517
11. Yang I, DeIpolyi A, Rubenstein J, Bolen A, Parsa AT. Sarcoidosis of the pineal gland with granulomatous inflammation. Journal of Neuro-Oncology, 2009. 91(1): p. 113-6. PMID: 18759061
12. Yang I, Aranda D, Han SJ, Chennupati S, Sughrue ME, Cheung SW, Pitts LH, Parsa AT Hearing preservation after stereotactic radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma: A systematic review. J Clin Neurosci. 2009 Jun;16(6):742-7. PMID: 19303780
13. Han S, Yang I, Tihan T, Chang SM, Parsa AT. Secondary gliosarcoma: a review of clinical features and pathological diagnosis. J Neurosurg. 2009 May 1. [Epub] PMID: 19408981
14. Yang I, Sughrue ME, Han S, Fang S, Aranda D, Cheung SW, Pitts LH, Parsa AT. Facial nerve preservation after vestibular schwannoma Gamma Knife radiosurgery. J Neurooncol. 2009. May93(1): p. 41-8. PMID: 19430881
15. Sughrue ME, Yang, I, Aranda D, Lobo K, Pitts LH, Cheung SW, Parsa AT. The natural history of untreated sporadic vestibular schwannomas: A comprehensive review of hearing outcomes. J Neurosurg. 2009 Jun 19. PMID: 19538047
16. Han S, Yang I, Tihan T, Prados MD, Parsa AT. Primary Gliosarcoma: Key clinical and pathologic distinctions from glioblastoma with implications as a unique oncologic entity. J Neurooncol. 2009 Jul 18. PMID: 19618114
17. Yang I, Sughrue ME, Aranda D, Han S, Chennupati S, Cheung SW, Pitts LH, Parsa AT. A Comprehensive analysis of hearing preservation after radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma. J Neurosurg. 2009 Sep 11. PMID: 19747043
18. Chou D, Eltgroth M, Yang I, Lu D, Manley GT. Rib head disarticulation for multi-level transpedicular thoracic corpectomies and expandable cage reconstruction technical note. Neurol India. 2009 Jul-Aug;57(4):469-74. PMID: 19770550
19. Bloch O, Jian B, Yang I, Han SH, Aranda D, Ahn B, Parsa AT. A systematic review of intracranial chondrosarcoma and survival. J Clin Neurosci. 2009 Sep 29. PMID: 19796952
20. Yang I, Aghi M. New advances that enable identification of glioblastoma recurrence. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2009 Oct 6. PMID: 19806145
21. Sughrue ME, Yang I, Kane AJ, Rutkowski MJ, Fang S, James CD, Parsa AT. Immunological considerations of modern animal models of malignant primary brain tumors. J Transl Med. 2009 Oct 8;7(1):84.PMID: 19814820
22. Han S, Yang I, Otero JJ, Ahn BJ, Tihan T, McDermott MW, Berger MS, Chang SM, Parsa AT. Secondary gliosarcoma after diagnosis of glioblastoma: clinical experience with 30 consecutive patietns. J Neurosurg. 2009 Oct 9. [Epub] PMID: 19817543
23. Yang I, Paik E, Huh NG, Parsa AT, Ames CP. Giant thoracic schwannoma presenting with abrupt onset of abdominal pain: a case report. J Med Case Reports. 2009 Oct 30; 3(88) PMID: 19946504
24. Yang I, Han SJ, Parsa AT. Heat shock protein vaccines as active immunotherapy against human gliomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2009 Nov. 9 (11) p. 1577-1582. PMID: 19895242
25. Han SJ, Ahn BJ, Waldron JS, Yang I, Fang S, Crane CA, Pieper RO, Parsa AT. Gamma interferon-mediated superinduction of B7-H1 in PTEN-deficient glioblastoma patients: A paradoxical mechanism of immune evasion. NeuroReport. 2009 Oct 28. PMID: 19875977
26. Yang I, Han SJ, Kaur G, Crane C, Parsa AT. The Role of microglia in central nervous system immunity and glioma immunology. J Clin Neurosci. 2009 Nov 17. PMID: 19926287
27. Kane A, Yang I. Interferon gamma in brain tumor immunotherapy. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2010 Jan;21(1):77-86.PMID: 19944968
28. Yang I, Huh NG, Smith ZA, Han SJ, Parsa AT. Distinguishing glioma recurrence from treatment effect after radiochemotherapy and immunotherapy. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2010 Jan;21(1):181-6.PMID: 19944976
29. Jian B, Yang I, Parsa AT. Monitoring immune responses after glioma vaccine immunotherapy. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2010 Jan;21(1):195-9.PMID: 19944978
30. Kaur G, Han SJ, Yang I, Crane CA. Microglia and central nervous system immunity. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2010 Jan;21(1):43-51.PMID: 19944965
31. Yang I, Fang S, Parsa AT. Heat shock proteins in glioblastomas. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2010 Jan;21(1):111-23.PMID: 19944971
32. Han SJ, Kaur G, Yang I, Lim M. Biologic principles of immunotherapy for malignant gliomas. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2010 Jan;21(1):1-16.PMID: 19944962
33. Sughrue ME, Yang I, Aranda D, Rutowski M, Fang S, Cheung SW, Parsa AT. Beyond audiofacial morbidity after vestibular schwannoma surgery. J Neurosurg. 2009 Nov 27. PMID: 19943734
34. Sughrue ME, Yang I, Han SJ Aranda D Kane AJ, Amolis M, Smith Z. Parsa AT. Non-audiofacial morbidity after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Neurosurg Focus. 2009 Dec;27(6):E4.PMID: 19951057
35. Jian B, Bloch O, Yang I, Han SJ, Aranda D, Parsa AT. Adjuvant radiation therapy and chondroid chordoma subtype are associated with a lower tumor recurrence rate of cranial chordoma. Journal of Neurooncology 2009. Dec 2 PMID: 19953297
36. Han SJ, Yang I, Ahn BJ, Ortero JJ, Tihan T, McDermott MW, Berger MS, Prados MD, Parsa AT. Clinical characteristics and outcomes for a modern series of primary gliosarcoma patients. Cancer. 2010 Jan 5. PMID: 20052717
37. Clark AJ, Ivan M, Sughrue ME, Yang I, Aranda D, Han SJ, Kane AJ, Parsa AT. Tumor control after surgery and radiotherapy for pineocytoma. J Neurosurg. 2010. PMID: 20136388
38. Yang I, Sughrue ME, Rutkowski MJ, Kaur R, Ivan ME, Aranda D, Barani IJ, Parsa AT. Craniopharyngioma: a comparison of tumor control with various treatment strategies. Neurosurg Focus. 2010 Apr;28(4):E5.PMID: 20367362
39. Sughrue ME, Kaur R, Kane AJ, Rutkowski MJ, Kaur G, Yang I, Pitts LH, Parsa AT. The value of intraoperative facial nerve electromyography in predicting facial nerve function after vestibular schwannoma surgery. J Clin Neurosci. 2010 May 13. PMID: 20471836
40. Sughrue ME, Yang I, Kane AJ, Fang S, Clark AJ, Arand D, Barani IJ, Parsa AT. Endocrinologic, neurologic, and visual morbidity after treatment for craniopharyngioma. J Neurooncol. 2010 Jun 10. PMID: 20535527
41. Sughrue ME, Kaur R, Kane AJ, Rutowski MJ, Yang I, Pitts LH, Tihan T, Parsa AT. Intratumoral hemorrhage and fibrosis in vestibular schwannoma: a possible mechanism for hearing loss. J Neurosurg. 2010 Jun 18. PMID: 20560722
42. Jian BJ, Han SJ, Yang I, Waldron JS, Tihan T, Parsa AT. Surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy for a large pineal hemangiopericytoma. J Clin Neurosci, 2010 Jun 30. PMID: 20598546
43. Sughrue ME, Yang I, Aranda D, Kane AJ, Parsa AT. Hearing preservation rates after microsurgical resection of vestibular schwannoma. J Clin Neurosci, 2010 Jun 3. PMID: 20627586
44. Bloch O, Sughrue ME, Kaur R, Kane AJ, Rutkowski MJ, Kaur G, Yang I, Pitts LH, Parsa AT. Factors associated with preservation of facial nerve function after surgical resection of vestibular schwannoma. J Neurooncol. 2010 Aug 6. PMID: 20694574
45. Yang I, Tihan T, Han SJ, Wrensch MR, Wiencke J, Sughrue ME, Parsa AT. CD8+ T-cell infiltrate in newly diagnosed glioblastoma is associated with long term survival. J Clin Neurosci. 2010 Nov;17(11):1381-5. PMID: 20727764
46. Deipolyi A, Auguste KI, Yang I, Tihan T, Parsa AT. Occipital ganglioglioma in an older adult. J Clin Neurosci. 2010 Nov;17(11): 1459-61. PMID: 20727766
47. Waldron JS, Yang I, Han S, Tihan T, Sughrue ME, Mills SA, Pieper RO, Parsa AT. Implications for immunotherapy of tumor-mediated T-cell apoptosis associated with loss of the tumor suppressor PTEN in glioblastoma. J Clin Neurosci. 2010 Dec;17(12):1543-7. PMID: 20822910
48. Yang I, Kim W, De Salles A, Bergsneider M. A systematic analysis of disease control in acromegaly treated with radiosurgery. Neurosurg Focus. 2010 Oct;29(4):E13. PMID: 20887123
49. Yang I, Wang MB, Bergsneider M. Making the transition from microsurgery to endoscopic trans-sphenoidal pituitary neurosurgery. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2010 Oct;21(4):643-51, vi. PMID: 20947033
50. Yang I, Chang EF, Han SJ, Barry JJ, Fang S, Tihan T, Barbaro NM, Parsa AT. Early surgical intervention in adult patients with ganglioglioma is associated with improved clinical seizure outcomes. J Clin Neurosci. 2011 Jan;18(1):29-33. PMID: 20961765
51. Sughrue ME, Yang I, Rutkowski MJ, Aranda D, Parsa AT. Preservation of facial nerve function after resection of vestibular schwannoma. Br J Neurosurg. 2010 Dec;24(6):666-71. PMID: 21070151
52. Sughrue ME, Kaur R, Rutkowski MJ, Kane AJ, Yang I, Pitts LH, Parsa AT. A critical evaluation of vestibular schwannoma surgery for patients younger than 40 years of age. Neurosurgery. 2010 Dec;67(6):1646-53; discussion 1653-4. PMID: 21107195
53. Jian BJ, Sughrue ME, Kaur R, Rutkowski MJ, Kane AJ, Kaur G, Yang I, Pitts LH, Parsa AT. Implications of Cystic Features in Vestibular Schwannomas of Patients Undergoing Microsurgical Resection. Neurosurgery. 2011 Jan 6. PMID: 21221029
54. Sughrue ME, Kaur R, Rutkowski MJ, Kane AJ, Kaur G, Yang I, Pitts LH, Parsa AT. Extent of resection and the long-term durability of vestibular schwannoma surgery. J Neurosurg. 2011 Jan 21. PMID: 21250800
55. Bloch OG, Jian BJ, Yang I, Han SJ, Aranda D, Ahn BJ, Parsa AT. Cranial chondrosarcoma and recurrence. Skull Base. 2010 May;20(3):149-56. PMID: 21318031
56. Choy W, Kim W, Nagasawa D, Stramotas S, Yew A, Gopen Q, Parsa AT, Yang I. The molecular genetics and tumor pathogenesis of meningiomas and the future directions of meningioma treatments. Neurosurg Focus. 2011. May;30(5):E6. PMID: 21529177
57. Kim W, Stramotas S, Choy W, Dye J, Nagasawa D, Yang I. Prognostic factors for post-operative seizure outcomes for cavernous malformation treatment. J Clin Neurosci. 2011. May 9. PMID: 21561775
58. Kim W, Choy W, Dye J, Nagasawa D, Safaee M, Fong B, Yang I. The tumor biology and molecular characteristics of medulloblastoma identifying prognostic factors associated with survival, risk, and prognosis. J Clin Neurosci. 2011. Jul;18(7):886-90. PMID: 21640908
59. Yang I, Han SJ, Sughrue ME, Tihan T, Parsa AT. Immune cell infiltrate differences in pilocytic astrocytoma and glioblastoma: evidence of distinct immunological microenvironments that reflect tumor biology. J Neurosurg. 2011. Jun 10. PMID: 21663411
60. See AP, Pradilla G, Yang I, Han S, Parsa AT, Lim M. Heat shock protein-peptide complex in the treatment of glioblastoma. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2011 Jun;10(6):721-31. PMID: 21692695
61. Yew AY, Kim W, Chang S, Yang I. Delayed Intracranial and Bony Metastasis of Paraganglioma. Surg Neurol Int. 2011;2:62. Epub 2011 May 14. PMID: 21697977
62. Nagasawa D, Yew A, Safaee M, Fong B, Gopen Q, Parsa AT, Yang I. Clinical characteristics and diagnostic imaging of epidermoid tumors. J Clin Neurosci. 2011 Jul 8. PMID: 21742503
63. Jian B, Bloch O, Yang I, Han SJ, Aranda D, Parsa AT. A Comprehensive analysis of intracranial chordoma and survival: A systematic review. Br J Neurosurg. 2011 Jul 12. PMID: 21749184
64. Fong B, Barkhoudarian G, Pezeshkian P, Parsa AT, Gopen Q, Yang I. The molecular biology and novel treatments of vestibular schwannomas. J Neurosurg. 2011 Jul 29. PMID: 21800959
65. Choy W, Kim W, Spasic M, Voth B, Yew A, Yang I. Pineal cyst: a review of clinical and radiological features. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2011 Jul;22(3):341-51, vii. PMID: 21801982.
66. Nagasawa D, Smith ZA, Cremer N, Fong C, Lu DC, Yang I. Complications associated with the treatment for spinal ependymomas. Neurosurg Focus. 2011 Oct;31(4):E13. PMID: 21961857
67. Nagasawa D, Yew A, Spasic M, Choy W, Gopen Q, Yang I. Survival outcomes for radiotherapy treatment of epidermoid tumors with malignant transformation. J Clin Neurosci. 2011 Oct 22. PMID: 22024232
68. Smith ZA, Yang I, Gorgulho A, Raphael D, De Salles AA, Khoo LT. Emerging techniques in the minimally invasive treatment and management of thoracic spine tumors. J Neurooncol. 2011 Nov 18. PMID: 22094716

• Yang I, Sneed PK, Larson DA, and McDermott MW. Complications and Management in Radiosurgery. In Chin L and Regine W (Eds.): Principles and Practice of Stereotactic Radiosurgery. New York: Springer 2008.
• Yang I, Barbaro NM. Radiosurgical Treatment of Intractable Epilepsy. In Luders H (Ed): Textbook of Epilepsy. London: Informa Healthcare 2008.
• Yang I and Barbaro NM. Radiosurgery in Epilepsy. In Lozano A, Gildenberg PL, Tasker RR (Eds.) Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. New York: Springer 2009.
• Yang I, Chang EF, and Barbaro NM. Gamma knife surgery for Medically Intractable Epilepsy. In Shorvon S et. al. (Eds.) The Treatment of Epilepsy 3rd Edition. New York: Wiley-Blackwell 2009.
• Yang I, and Parsa AT. Pediatric Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors. In Gupta N, Banerjee A, Haas-Kogan D (Eds.) Pediatric CNS Tumors, 2nd Edition. New York: Springer 2009.
• Parsa AT and Yang I. Approaches to the Pineal Region. In Connolly ES, Choudhri TF, Huang J, McKhann GM (Eds.) Fundamental Techniques in Operative Neurosurgery 2nd Edition. New York: Thieme.
• Yang I, Chang EF, and Barbaro NM. Gamma knife surgery for intractable epilepsy. In Winn HR (Ed.) Youman's Neurological Surgery 6th Edition. New York (In Press)