Basic research is fundamental to our understanding of how the nervous system functions in health and disease, and provides the platform for developing more effective therapies for neurological disorders. The department of neurology encompasses a wide range of basic science studies, utilizing a variety of complementary techniques to examine the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuronal function. The extensive collaboration between our clinical researchers and basic scientists drive our commitment toward the development of better therapeutics for such devastating neurological disorders such as Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases, epilepsy, stroke, head trauma, and many others.
Studies are conducted at the level of the most fundamental building blocks of the nervous system to large-scale human studies, investigating the intricate interactionsof molecules, synapses, and cells, to neuronal circuits. Some of the questions being addressed by our basic scientists include:
Istvan Mody, PhD
Understanding the fundamental processes by which neurons regulate their function in disease and health will ultimately lead to more targeted and effective treatments for many devastating disorders. The Mody lab contributes to our understanding of the neuronal dysregulation involved in such diverse conditions as stroke, head trauma, epilepsy, and many neurodegenerative disorders. The principal area of interest is how the brain maintains the delicate balance between excitation and inhibition, the perturbation of which can lead to numerous brain disorders. By exploring the role of GABA (a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain), the fundamental processes that lead to disorders such as epilepsy, postpartum depression, premenstrual syndrome/ premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMS/PMDD), and stress-related anxiety, are coming to light. We have recently discovered that a tonic form of GABA-mediated inhibition hinders the plasticity of the brain that is required for recovery of function after stroke. Thus a new therapeutical target for stroke recovery is in sight.
Peyman Golshani, MD, PhD
The mission of our laboratory golshanilab.neurology.ucla.edu is to discover how changes in the excitability and connectivity of neuronal ensembles results in autism and developmental epilepsies. By finding the specific microcircuit elements causing network dysfunction we hope to discover new treatments that will improve the lives of children suffering from these conditions. By looking at multiple models of these diseases we hope to find convergent evidence for shared physiological causes for these disorders. In our search for disease-related changes in neuronal network function we will also uncover how the healthy brain processes sensory information, lays down and erases memories, and makes decisions.
To make our discoveries we use simultaneous in-vivo two photon calcium imaging and in-vivo patch clamp recordings in awake behaving developing and adult model animals. These techniques allow us to record activity of large identified ensembles of cortical neurons as these animals perceive sensory information and make decisions. We hope to combine these techniques with optogenetic tools to manipulate the activity patterns of specific interneuronal subtypes.
The Center for the Study of Parkinson's Disease (CSPD) is the major basic research unit dedicated to addressing the unmet demand for treatments that halt or even reverse the course of the disease. One of the nation's leading centers for basic and translational research on Parkinson's, the CSPD is a collaborative effort among faculty from the Neurology department with colleagues in other departments and Schools at UCLA. Research projects in the CSPD range from studying the effect of genes and environment in humans, animal, and cellular models, to understanding the role of molecular and cellular factors in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration.
Marie-Francoise Chesselet, MD, PhD
Dr. Marie-Francoise Chesselet is the Charles H. Markham Professor of Neurology and Interim-Chair of Neurology at UCLA, the Director of the Center for the Study of Parkinson's Disease (CSPD) and the Integrative Center for Neural Repair (ICNR). Dr Chesselet is a world-renowned expert in the basal ganglia, the area of the brain involved in motor control and cognition, which is profoundly affected in such motor disorders as Parkinson's and Huntington's disease. Her laboratory uses behavioral, anatomical, molecular and cellular methodologies in cell models and in a number of genetic animal models, to investigate the underlying processes responsible for degeneration. For example, how do environmental insults, such as traumatic brain injury or pesticides, combine with genetic mutations to cause degeneration in PD? Are there neuroprotective mechanisms that can delay or reduce the loss of neurons in HD or PD? Utilizing sensitive behavioral measures developed in the lab, the progression of motor and the non-motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease, such as emotional and cognitive disturbances, olfactory deficits, and digestive and cardiovascular problems are examined and characterized. These multilayered analyses are also being used for evaluating a number of potential drug candidates for the treatment of both Huntington's and Parkinson's disease.
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