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• Abnormal Pap Smear

  Pap

  This screening test looks for abnormal cells in the cervix. If abnormal cells are found, your healthcare provider can treat them right away, before they become cancerous.
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• Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding

  Menorrhagia

  Menorrhagia is heavy or prolonged bleeding during your period. Many women have this type of abnormal uterine bleeding. It can be related to a number of conditions including problems with the uterus, hormone problems, or other conditions. While heavy bleeding can make it tough to take part in normal daily life at times, there are treatments to help.
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• Benign Ovarian Cysts

  Ovarian Cyst

  An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms on or inside an ovary. The ovaries are a pair of small, oval-shaped organs in the lower part of a woman’s belly (abdomen). Ovarian cysts are very common in women of all ages. Young girls can also get them, but this is less common.
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• Clinical Trials
• Colposcopy

  Colposcopy

  Your healthcare provider uses colposcopy to view the opening to the uterus, called the cervix, and the vagina. It uses an instrument with a magnifying lens and a light, called a colposcope.
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• Endometriosis

  Endometriosis

  The tissue that lines the uterus is called the endometrium. Normally, if a woman doesn’t get pregnant, this tissue is shed each month during her period. In endometriosis, tissue that looks and acts like endometrial tissue implants outside the uterus. This can cause pain, heavy periods, and infertility.
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• Fibroids

  Uterine Fibroids

  Uterine fibroids are tumors in a woman's uterus. They are usually not cancer. Doctors don't know what causes uterine fibroids. It may be that each tumor develops from an abnormal muscle cell in the uterus. This cell multiplies rapidly because of the effect of estrogen.
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• General Gynecology

  Gynecological Conditions

  Many different gynecological conditions require the care of a health care provider. Learn detailed information on the most common gynecological conditions including Recognizing Gynecologic Problems, Endometriosis, Pelvic Pain, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Uterine Fibroids, Pap Test and Safer Sex Guidelines.
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• Geriatrics

  Elder Care

  Elder care covers a wide variety of issues. These include choosing an appropriate healthcare provider to care for an aging person. It also includes making decisions about moving an older adult from home to a residential care setting.
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• Gynecologic Ultrasound

  Pelvic Ultrasound

  A pelvic ultrasound is a scan that looks at the organs and structures in your pelvic area. Ultrasound uses a device called a transducer to send out sound waves that are too high to be heard. The transducer sends the sound waves through your skin and other body tissues to the organs and structures within. The sound waves bounce off the organs like an echo and return to the transducer. The transducer picks up the reflected waves. These are changed into a picture of the organs.
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• Hysteroscopy

  Hysteroscopy

  Hysteroscopy is the exam of the inside of the cervix and uterus using a thin, lighted, flexible tube called a hysteroscope. Your healthcare provider inserts the device through the vagina.
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• Laparoscopy

  Laparoscopy

  Laparoscopy uses a thin lighted tube that has a video camera. The tube is called a laparoscope. It is put into a tiny cut or incision in your belly. The video camera images can be seen on a computer screen.
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• Menopause

  Menopause

  Learn detailed information on Introduction to Menopause; Perimenopause; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Staying Healthy After Menopause; Estrogen's Effects on the Female Body.
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• Pediatrics
• Pelvic or Vaginal Pain

  Pelvic Pain

  Pelvic pain is a challenging condition that can be due to many possible causes. It is a common problem in women. Pelvic pain can be either acute (sudden/severe) or chronic (the pain either comes and goes or lasts for 6 months or longer). 
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• Pre Menstrual Syndrome

  Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a group of emotional and physical symptoms many women have in the days before their period starts. Lifestyle changes and sometimes medicines can help manage symptoms.
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• Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
• Vulvar Disease

• Premenstrual Syndrome
• Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
• Menopause
• Chronic Pelvic Pain

1. Berkley KJ, Rapkin AJ, Papka RE. The Pains of Endometriosis. Science 2005; 308:1587-1589.
2. Morgan ML, Cook IA, Rapkin AJ, Leuchter AF. Estrogen Augmentation in Perimenopausal Depression: A Pilot Study. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66(6):774-780.
3. Yonkers KA, Brown C, Pearlstein TB, Foegh, M., Sampson-Landers C, Rapkin A. Efficacy of a New Low-Dose Oral Contraceptive with Drospirenone in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106(3):492-501.
4. Rapkin AJ. New treatment approaches for premenstrual disorders. Am J Manag Care 2005; 11(16 Suppl):S480-491.
5. Rapkin AR, Howe C. Chronic Pelvic Pain. Family Practice Recertification 2006; 28:59-67.
6. Dunkin J, Rasgon N, Zeller M, Wagner-Steh K, David S, Altshuler L, Rapkin A. Estrogen replacement and cognition in postmenopausal women: Effect of years since menopause on response to treatment. Drug Development Research 2006; 66:150-159.
7. Rapkin A, Tsao JCI, Turk N, Anderson M, Zelter LK. Relationship among self-rated Tanner staging, hormones, and psychosocial factors in healthy female adolescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2006; 19(3):181-187.
8. Rapkin A, Mikacich JA. Premenstrual syndrome in adolescents: Diagnosis and treatment. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2006; 1(3 Suppl):132-137. Review.
9. Rapkin A, Morgan M, Sogliano C, Biggio G, Concas A. Decreased neuroactive steroids induced by combined oral contraceptive pills are not associated with mood changes. Fertil Steril 2006; 85:1371-1378.
10. Rapkin AJ, Biggio G, Concas A. Oral contraceptives and neuroactive steroids. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2006; 84(4):628-634. Review.
11. Futterman LA, Rapkin AJ. Diagnosis of premenstrual disorders. J Reprod Med 2006; 51(4 Suppl):349-358. Review.
12. Kroll R, Rapkin AJ. Treatment of premenstrual disorders. J Reprod Med 2006; 51(4 Suppl):359-370. Review.
13. Winer SA, Rapkin AJ. Premenstrual disorders: Prevalence, etiology and impact. J Report Med 2006; 51(4 Suppl):339-347. Review.
14. Morgan ML, Cook IA, Rapkin AJ, Leuchter AF. Neurophysiologic changes during estrogen augmentation in perimenopausal depression. Maturitas 2007; 56(1):54-60.
15. Rapkin A. Vasomotor symptoms in menopause: Physiologic condition and central nervous system approaches to treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196(2):97-106. Review.
16. Chaban V, Christensen A, Wakamatsu M, McDonald M, Rapkin A, McDonald J, Micevych P. The same dorsal root ganglion neurons innervate uterus and colon in the rat. Neuroreport 2007; 18(3):209-212.
17. Halbreich U, Backstrom T, Eriksson E, O'Brien S, Calil H, Ceskova E, Dennerstein L, Douki S, Freeman E, Genazzani A, Heuser I, Kadri N, Rapkin A, Steiner M, Wittchen H, Yonkers K. Clinical diagnostic criteria for premenstrual syndrome and guidelines for their quantification for research studies. Gynecol Endocrinol 2007; 23(3):123-130.
18. Rasgon NL, Dunkin J. Fairbanks L., Altshuler LL, Troung C, Elman S, Wroolie TE, Brunhuber MV, Rapkin A. Estrogen and response to sertraline in post menopausal women with major depressive disorder: a pilot study. J Psychiatr Res 2007; 41(3-4): 338-343.
19. Rapkin AJ and Winer SA. Drospirenone: A novel progestin. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2007; 8(7):989-999.
20. Rapkin AJ, Michelle M, Winer SA. A Review of Ethinyl Estradiol/ Drospirenone for the Treatment of the emotional and Physical Symptoms of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Women's Health 2007;3(4):395-408.
21. Rapkin AJ, McDonald JS, Morgan M. Multilevel local anesthetic nerve blockade for the treatment of vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2008;198(1):41-5.
22. Rapkin AJ, Winer SA. The Pharmacologic Management of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2008; 9(3):429-445.
23. Rapkin AJ, Sorger SN, Winer SA. Drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol. Drugs Today (Barc) 2008; 44(2):133-45.
24. Jichang L, Micevych P, McDonald J, Rapkin A, Chaban V. Inflammation in the uterus induces pERK and Substance P immunoreactivity in DRG neurons innervating both uterus and colon in rats. J Neurosci Res 2008, in press.
25. Morgan ML, Rapkin AJ, Biggio G, Serra M, Rasgon N. Neuroactive Steroids in depressed and asymptomatic postmenopausal women treated with estrogen and sertraline. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2008, submitted.
26. Rapkin AJ, Mikacich JA. Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in adolescents. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2008, submitted.

• Award for Excellence in Education David Geffen School of Medicine 2008
• Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics Excellence for Teaching Award 1998 and 2004

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